FAQs

Region C is made up of all or part of 16 counties in North Central Texas: Collin, Cooke, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Fannin, Freestone, Grayson, Henderson (Trinity River Basin portion), Jack, Kaufman, Navarro, Parker, Rockwall, Tarrant and Wise.

Region C is a planning group and has no implementation or regulatory authority. For example, Region C does not have the power to enforce water conservation or to develop projects. 

Ultimately, water providers and local governments must implement the Regional Water Plan and ensure sound use and conservation of water. Individual water users, including businesses and residents, are also responsible for water use and conservation.

During this current five-year planning cycle, the Planning Group will gather data and input from around Region C regarding the status of water supplies and planned water supply projects, consult with experts, and work toward generating the new Regional Water Plan from the ground up. 

A draft version of the Region C Water Plan, known as the Initially Prepared Plan, was adopted by the Planning Group in February 2025 and will be presented to the public at a public hearing on May 19, 2025, before being finalized later in the year. This plan will be delivered to the Texas Water Development Board in October 2025, with the full State Water Plan delivered to the Legislature in 2026. For other key deliverable dates, visit the Planning Milestones page of our website. The draft 2026 Region C Water Plan (aka the Initially Prepared Plan) can be accessed on the homepage or Documents page of our website.

Our region is dynamically growing, both in terms of population and water demands. To continue our growth in a responsible manner, North Central Texas must develop and maintain adequate water supplies for the future.

Based on projections in the draft 2026 Regional Water Plan, Region C’s population is projected to grow from over 7.7 million (as of the 2020 U.S. Census) to over 11.8 million in 2050 and 15.1 million by 2080. Over the next 50 years, dry-year water demands are anticipated to grow from 2 million acre-feet per year in 2030, to 3.1 million acre-feet per year by 2080. If we fail to develop new water supplies, we will fall short of meeting projected 2080 water needs by approximately 1.7 million acre-feet per year.

The impact of failing to meet future demand would be devastating to North Central Texas. The State estimated during the last round of regional water planning that, absent new supplies, by 2070 we could lose over $48.1 billion in yearly regional income and employment in 2070 would be reduced by over 473,000 jobs. These figures do not begin to represent the potential damage to quality of life that could be done absent new water supplies, nor have they been updated yet for the current planning round. Updated socioeconomic impact figures are expected to be available in August 2025.

We must develop a reasonable surplus supply, from a variety of sources, to guard against worse-than-expected droughts, unanticipated population growth, unforeseen problems with the implementation of planned strategies, or emergency supply outages. 

While everyone can and should do more to conserve and use water more efficiently, conservation and reuse alone will not be able to satisfy projected demand in the coming decades. Region C has made huge strides in developing conservation and reuse within the region. Regional per capita water use has been reduced by more than 50 gallons per person per day since regional water planning began. Also, Region C currently uses approximately 380,000 acre-feet per year of reuse water to help meet regional water demands. Region C is planning for an additional 861,000 acre-feet per year of water supply to come from conservation and reuse, or 45% of the new water supplies from recommended strategies in the draft 2026 Region C Water Plan. Of the total water supplies available to Region C in 2080, 33% would come from conservation and reuse alone. New connections to existing water sources, new reservoirs, and groundwater are just part of the diverse water supply plan outlined for Region C’s water providers. However, given the magnitude of Region C’s growth and future water needs, as well as the dire consequences of failing to meet those needs, conservation and reuse cannot be the sole strategy for our future water supply plans.

Direct reuse and indirect reuse are very different processes and have significantly different permitting requirements and potential applications. 

Direct reuse occurs when treated wastewater is delivered from a wastewater treatment plant to an end user, with no intervening discharge to bodies of water such as a stream or reservoir. Direct reuse requires a notification to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), which is routinely accepted so long as requirements to protect public health are met.  Direct reuse is most commonly used to supply water for landscape irrigation (especially golf courses) and industrial uses (especially cooling for steam electric power plants).

Indirect reuse occurs when treated wastewater is discharged to a stream or reservoir and is diverted downstream or out of a reservoir for reuse.  The discharged water mixes with ambient water in the stream or reservoir as it travels to the point of diversion.  Many of the water supplies within Region C have historically included return flows from treated wastewater as well as natural runoff. Indirect reuse can provide water supplies for municipal use, as well as irrigation and industrial supplies.  New indirect reuse projects may require a water right permit from the TCEQ and may also require a wastewater discharge permit from the TCEQ if the discharge location is changed as part of the reuse project.  

Many Region C reservoirs have water right permits allocated in excess of their firm yield, so they are currently using return flows in their watersheds to supplement the water supply.  These return flows may not be a long-term reliable supply if they are diverted for future direct reuse projects.

Reuse water is treated wastewater effluent that is either used directly by an entity (such as a manufacturer), or indirectly after the treated wastewater has been discharged to a lake or stream. There are several reasons why indirect reuse water cannot be reused over and over. The main reason is that the reuse supply is limited to the amount discharged, which is typically less than half the amount initially used. Over time, as the reuse supply is used again, the quantity diminishes and the water quality degrades, contributing to increases in nutrients, dissolved solids, pharmaceuticals, or other constituents. Indirect reuse water also requires approval of a state water right permit. Many permits limit the number of times that the water can be reused and may also require some of the water to be released downstream for environmental purposes. Due to these considerations, new freshwater is needed to generate the reuse water.

Most of Region C’s future water supplies are already here! By 2080, 40% of Region C’s water supply will come from current supplies and groundwater, 33% will come from conservation and reuse, and 10% will come from new connections to existing supplies. Only about 17% of 2080 water will come from new surface water sources, meaning new reservoirs or run-of-river projects. The draft 2026 Region C Water Plan includes development of only four major new reservoirs, compared to more than 25 that were previously developed as Region C water supply sources over the past six decades. Two of these new reservoirs would be located off-channel and have a relatively small footprint. A complete breakdown of the more than 170 recommended Water Management Strategies for the region can be found within the draft 2026 Region C Water Plan (IPP) Executive Summary, found on the Documents page of our website.

There are many projects in the 2021 Region C Water Plans that have been fully or partially implemented to date. Of those projects, three major water management strategies are particularly noteworthy, due to their impact on the total regional water supply: Bois d’Arc Lake, Lake Ralph Hall and the Integrated Pipeline (IPL). 

Bois d’Arc Lake in Fannin County began supply water in 2023 and is Texas’ first major new reservoir in 30 years. It serves users in the northeastern portion of the region. For more updates, see https://boisdarclake.org/.

Lake Ralph Hall is a project of the Upper Trinity Regional Water District (UTRWD) which, when completed, will deliver water to users in Denton, Collin and Fannin counties. The project broke ground in July 2021 and is expected to be operational by 2026. For further project details and updates, see https://lakeralphhall.com/.

The final major project is the Integrated Pipeline (IPL), which was developed by the Tarrant Regional Water District (TRWD) and Dallas Water Utilities (DWU). This recently completed pipeline will move water from existing reservoirs as far away as Lake Palestine in East Texas to reservoirs in Fort Worth and Dallas, providing needed water supply to North Central Texans and saving billions of dollars for water customers served by both authorities. Most of the pipeline is now operational. For further project details and updates, see https://www.trwd.com/resource/ipl-project/.

Major new reservoirs that are recommended water management strategies in the draft 2026 Region C Water Plan include the Marvin Nichols Reservoir and Lake Tehuacana. Two off-channel reservoirs are also recommended – one of which will store reuse water of the Metroplex, and one of which will store water from the Sabine River Basin.

Yes, importing water from Oklahoma to Region C is an alternative water management strategy for several water providers in the draft 2026 Plan.

• Gulf of Mexico with Desalination: Although the Gulf of Mexico offers a potentially limitless supply of water, the cost of desalinating this water and transporting across Texas to Region C would make this option extremely expensive when compared to others. Also major challenges for this strategy are the technical requirements for a desalination project of this scale.
• Parkhouse North and South: Both of these proposed reservoirs, located in Delta, Lamar and Hopkins Counties, would have lower supplies than the Marvin Nichols Reservoir, which is a recommended strategy in the draft 2026 Plan. Parkhouse North and South are alternative strategies in the Plan for NTMWD and UTRWD. 
• Toledo Bend Reservoir: This reservoir is an existing impoundment located in the Sabine River Basin on the border of Texas and Louisiana. Several Region C water suppliers have been investigating the possibility of developing substantial supplies from the reservoir, which will require an agreement among the Sabine River Authority and Metroplex suppliers, an interbasin transfer permit from the Sabine River Basin to the Trinity River Basin (and possibly other basins), and development of water transmission facilities. This is a relatively expensive source of water because the reservoir is approximately 200 miles from Region C, but this is currently identified as an alternative joint strategy for NTMWD, TRWD, DWU and UTRWD.
• Large-Scale Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR): ASR can provide a cost-effective and reliable alternative to the construction of above-ground storage reservoirs; however, identifying and securing suitable aquifer formations for storage and the geochemical evaluation of the mixed waters can be challenging. ASR also requires a source of water to store for future use. ASR in Texas is currently being studied to assess if it is a reliable and cost-effective technology that should be considered as part of a diversified portfolio of water supply options.

Consumption figures – typically measured as gallons per capita daily, or gpcd- can vary from entity to entity because of a variety of factors such as population size, service area, and type of water use (residential, commercial, or manufacturing, for example). Such gpcd figures can also vary with weather conditions, where there will be higher figures reported during drought than during normal or wet periods. Comparing entities’ water usage figures is not always an apples-to-apples comparison. That said, it is noteworthy that when factoring in planned conservation and reuse, Region C’s dry-year per capita municipal water use would shrink from a relatively modest 114 gpcd in 2030 to an even more impressive 95 gpcd in 2080.

The Texas Drought Monitor and the current status of drought for the state can be found here. Drought and the risk of it are always on the mind of regional water planners. We must make decisions now about water supplies, conservation and reuse to adequately guard against future droughts that may occur. 

All meetings of RWPGs and their committees or subcommittees are open to the public and subject to the Open Meetings Act. The minimum public notice for planning group meetings is 7 days in accordance with the latest TWDB regional water planning rules. Those rules require additional notice and public comment periods for some RWPG activities. A matrix summary of RWPG public notice and RWPG meeting requirements may be found here. 

In accordance with TWDB rules (31 Texas Administrative Code (TAC) §357.11(d)), each RWPG must maintain at least one voting member from each of the following interest categories: the public, counties, municipalities, industry, agriculture, environment, small business, electric-generating utilities, river authorities, water districts, water utilities, and groundwater management areas. Each RWPG, at its discretion, may add additional voting or non-voting members for any new interest category, or add additional members to the required interest categories. RWPGs may also remove representatives, as long as the minimum requirements for the categories listed above are maintained. It is the discretion of the planning group to decide who is best to represent the interest category; however, the planning group must follow their bylaws regarding member solicitations and recommendations.

There are six water use categories which are planned for in accordance with TWDB rules (31 TAC §357.31). These categories are municipal, manufacturing, irrigation, steam electric power generation, mining, and livestock. For planning purposes, rural water use, including domestic use, is aggregated and categorized under a sub-set of municipal water user groups referred to as “county-other”.

Water Demand is the volume of water that a water user group would require during drought of record conditions for its anticipated domestic, public, and/or economic activities. Water Need is a potential water supply shortage based on the difference between projected water demands and existing water supplies. In the planning process, a planning group will compare a water user group’s demands to the water user group’s existing water supplies to determine if they may face a potential shortage (need) under drought conditions.

Availability is the total amount of raw water that could be produced from a water source during drought of record conditions. Existing water supply is a subset of the water availability representing the amount of that water that is physically and legally available for use by a water user group. For example, availability is the total amount of water estimated within an aquifer, but the existing water supply is the amount of water that a water user’s permit and pump capacity already allows them to pump in the event of a drought.

While the drought of the 1950s is still considered the statewide benchmark drought for state water planning, the TWDB acknowledges that regional droughts of record may vary by river basin. The drought of record for surface water sources is determined using water availability models developed by the TCEQ and is based on historical flow data. Because RWPGs are required by planning rules (31 TAC §357.32(c)) to use the most recent TCEQ water availability models, any new regional or sub-basin droughts of record identified by model updates will be accounted for when evaluating existing supplies or water management strategies. Planning groups may also address uncertainty and risks, for example, to address a drought worse than the drought of record, when developing their plans.

Climate models are not used in the regional water planning process. Texas’ water plans are based on benchmark drought of record conditions using historical hydrological data. While we recognize that the full sequence of hydrologic events in our history will never be repeated exactly, the droughts that have occurred have been of such severity that it is reasonable to use them for the purpose of planning. There are currently no forecasting tools capable of providing reliable estimates of changes to future water resources in Texas at the resolution needed for water planning. In order to provide the best available, actionable science, grounded in historical data and patterns, the TWDB continues to collect data and consider potential ways to improve estimates of water supply reliability in the face of drought. Planning groups may also address uncertainty and risks, for example, to address a drought worse than the drought of record, when developing their plans.